Japatan
ไวยากรณ์ 60 ข้อ
- 1〜は〜ですA is B (polite statement about a topic)
- 2〜かQuestion marker placed at the end of a sentence
- 3〜もalso, too (used in place of は, が or を)
- 4〜のLinks two nouns: possession, affiliation, or type
- 5これ・それ・あれ・どれthis, that (near you), that over there, which one
- 6この・その・あの・どのthis, that, that over there, which (always before a noun)
- 7ここ・そこ・あそこ・どこhere, there (near you), over there, where
- 8〜じゃありませんis not / am not / are not (negative of です)
- 9〜ます・〜ませんPolite verb endings: do / will do; don't / won't
- 10〜をMarks the direct object of a verb
- 11〜に・〜へ（行きます）To: marks the destination of going, coming, returning
- 12〜でAt / in (place of an action); by / with (means)
- 13〜に（時間）At / on / in: marks when an action happens
- 14〜とAnd (joining nouns); with (a person)
- 15〜から〜までFrom ~ to / until ~ (time or place)
- 16〜ました・〜ませんでしたPolite past of verbs: did / did not
- 17〜があります・〜がいますThere is / there are; to have
- 18〜に〜がありますThere is ~ in / at ~ (existence in a place)
- 19い形容詞Adjectives ending in い: polite, noun-modifying and negative forms
- 20な形容詞Adjectives that take な before a noun
- 21形容詞の過去形Past tense of adjectives (was ~ / was not ~)
- 22〜が好きです・〜が上手ですLike ~ / be good at ~
- 23〜がほしいですWant (something)
- 24〜たいですWant to do ~
- 25〜ませんかWon't you ~? / Would you like to ~? (invitation)
- 26〜ましょうLet's ~
- 27〜ましょうかShall I ~? / Shall we ~?
- 28て形The te-form of verbs (linking actions: do ~ and ~)
- 29〜てくださいPlease do ~ (request, instruction or offer)
- 30〜ていますBe doing ~ / ongoing state or habit
- 31〜てもいいですMay / it is okay to do ~ (permission)
- 32〜てはいけませんMust not do ~ (prohibition)
- 33〜てからAfter doing ~ (first A, then B); since ~
- 34〜て、〜てDo ~, then ~ (actions in sequence)
- 35ない形Plain negative form of verbs (don't / won't do)
- 36〜ないでくださいPlease don't do ~ (polite negative request)
- 37〜なければなりませんMust / have to do ~ (obligation or necessity)
- 38〜なくてもいいですDon't have to do ~ (no need to)
- 39辞書形Dictionary form: the basic, plain non-past verb form
- 40〜ことができますCan / be able to do ~ (ability or possibility)
- 41〜前にBefore doing ~ / before ~; (time) ago
- 42た形Plain past form of verbs (casual equivalent of 〜ました)
- 43〜たことがありますHave done ~ before (past experience)
- 44〜たり〜たりしますDo things like ~ and ~ (listing example actions)
- 45〜後でAfter doing ~ / after ~; later
- 46普通形Plain (casual) forms of verbs, adjectives and nouns
- 47〜と思いますI think that ~ (opinion or guess)
- 48〜と言いましたSaid "~" / said that ~ (quoting someone)
- 49〜から（理由）Because ~, so ~ (states a reason)
- 50〜が（逆接）~, but ~ (contrast); also a soft lead-in
- 51〜ときwhen ~ / at the time that ~
- 52〜より〜のほうがB is more ~ than A (comparing two things)
- 53〜の中で〜がいちばんthe most ~ among (three or more things)
- 54〜になります・〜くなりますbecome ~ / get ~ (a change of state)
- 55〜に行きます（目的）go / come (somewhere) to do ~ (purpose)
- 56〜をくださいPlease give me ~ (asking for or ordering something)
- 57〜でしょうprobably ~ (a guess); ~, right? (asking for agreement)
- 58〜だけ・〜しか〜ないonly ~ (しか is used with a negative)
- 59〜や〜などA, B and so on (giving some examples)
- 60〜ね・〜よSentence endings: ね seeks agreement, よ gives new information
คอร์ส JLPT N5: บทเรียนรายวัน 30 บท · ข้อสอบ JLPT N5 จำลอง ชุดที่ 1
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