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Português (Brasil)

N4 Dia 26

かわっていく町 A changing town

Learn to use の and こと to turn verbs into nouns, and to describe change with 〜てきた and 〜ていく.

Cerca de 25 minutos · 8 palavras · gramática · leitura · quiz

Palavras de hoje

自然

しぜん

nature

この 町まちは 自然しぜんが 多おおくて、静しずかです。

This town has a lot of nature and is quiet.

増える

ふえる

to increase

町まちに 住すむ 外国人がいこくじんが 増ふえて きました。

The number of foreigners living in the town has been increasing.

減る

へる

to decrease

雨あめが 少すくないので、川かわの 水みずが 減へって います。

There has been little rain, so the river water has gone down.

空気

くうき

air

山やまの 空気くうきは とても きれいです。

The air in the mountains is very clean.

森

もり

forest; woods

森もりの 中なかを 散歩さんぽするのが 好すきです。

I like taking walks in the forest.

ごみ

 

trash; garbage

ごみは 月曜日げつようびと 木曜日もくようびに 出だします。

Trash is put out on Mondays and Thursdays.

捨てる

すてる

to throw away

ここに ごみを 捨すてないで ください。

Please don't throw trash here.

工場

こうじょう

factory

父ちちは 車くるまの 工場こうじょうで 働はたらいて います。

My father works at a car factory.

Gramática de hoje

〜の・〜こと（名詞化）

Turning verbs and adjectives into nouns

Formação
  • V普通形 + の / こと
  • いA + の / こと
  • なA + な + の / こと

Adding の or こと turns a verb or adjective phrase into a noun. Often both work: 読むのが好きです / 読むことが好きです. Only の is used before verbs of seeing and hearing (見える, 聞こえる, 見る) and before 待つ or 手伝う, because the phrase describes something happening right there that you perceive or take part in directly. Only こと is used in set patterns such as 〜ことができる and 〜ことがある, and in "A is B" sentences like 趣味は〜ことです.

Exemplos

  • 私わたしは 寝ねる 前まえに 本ほんを 読よむのが 好すきです。

    I like reading books before going to bed.

  • 窓まどから 子こどもたちが 公園こうえんで 遊あそんで いるのが 見みえます。

    From the window, I can see the children playing in the park.

Explicação completa e quiz →

〜てくる・〜ていく

Change up to now / from now on; go and come back

Formação
  • Vて形 + くる
  • Vて形 + いく
  • いA（〜く）+ なって くる・いく
  • なA / N + に + なって くる・いく

There are two main uses. (1) Change over time: 〜てきた shows a change that has gradually happened up to now (or something that has just started, like rain), and 〜ていく shows a change that will continue from now on. (2) Direction of movement: 買ってくる means go, buy, and come back; 持っていく means take something with you as you leave.

Exemplos

  • 日本にほんに 来きて 一年いちねん。日本語にほんごが だんだん わかって きました。

    It's been a year since I came to Japan. I've gradually come to understand Japanese.

  • これから もっと 寒さむく なって いくでしょう。

    It will probably keep getting colder from now on.

Explicação completa e quiz →

Leitura

森もりを 守まもる 「日曜日にちようびの ごみひろい」 "Sunday Trash Pickup" protects the forest

みどり町まちには、昔むかしから 大おおきな 森もりが あります。Midori Town has had a large forest since long ago.

でも、この 二十年にじゅうねんで 工場こうじょうが 増ふえて、森もりは 少すこしずつ 減へって きました。But over the last twenty years, factories have increased, and the forest has been shrinking little by little.

森もりの 近ちかくに ごみを 捨すてて いく 人ひとも いて、町まちの 人ひとたちは 困こまって いました。Some people also dumped trash near the forest and left, and the townspeople were troubled.

そこで、去年きょねんの 春はるから 佐藤さとうさんたち 五人ごにんが、毎週まいしゅう 日曜日にちようびに 森もりの ごみを ひろう ことを 始はじめました。So, starting last spring, a group of five people, including Sato, began picking up trash in the forest every Sunday.

佐藤さとうさんは 「最初さいしょは 大変たいへんでしたが、今いまは 朝あさの きれいな 空気くうきの 中なかを 歩あるくのが 楽たのしみです」と 話はなします。Sato says, "At first it was hard, but now I look forward to walking in the clean morning air."

最近さいきんは 一緒いっしょに ひろう 人ひとが 増ふえて きて、今いまは 三十人さんじゅうにんぐらいに なりました。Recently, more people have been joining them, and now there are about thirty.

森もりの ごみが 減へって、鳥とりの 声こえも よく 聞きこえるように なったそうです。They say that with less trash in the forest, birdsong can now be heard well.

「いちばん 多おおい ごみは 何なんだと 思おもいますか。じつは、かたほうだけの 手てぶくろなんです」と、佐藤さとうさんは 笑わらいます。"What do you think the most common trash is? Actually, it's single gloves without their pair," Sato says with a laugh.

佐藤さとうさんたちは 「これからも 町まちの 自然しぜんを 守まもって いきたいです」と 話はなして います。Sato and the group say, "We want to keep protecting the town's nature from now on."

Toque em uma frase para ver a tradução.

Teste sua compreensão

R1佐藤さとうさんたちは 去年きょねんの 春はるから 何なにを 始はじめましたか。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 3 毎週まいしゅう 日曜日にちようびに 森もりの ごみを ひろう こと

The article says that from last spring they started picking up trash in the forest every Sunday.

R2森もりで いちばん 多おおい ごみは 何なんですか。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 1 かたほうだけの 手てぶくろ

Sato says that the most common trash is single gloves without their pair.

Quiz

1毎日まいにち 運動うんどうして いるのに、体重たいじゅうが なかなか（　　）。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 3 減へりません

"Even though I exercise every day, my weight just won't go down." 減る means to decrease. The other verbs do not take 体重が.

2この 町まちが 好すきなので、これからも ずっと ここに 住すんで（　　）つもりです。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 3 いく

"I like this town, so I plan to keep living here from now on." Continuing from now into the future is 〜ていく. 〜てくる is for change up to now, so it does not match これからも.

3いらない 紙かみは この 箱はこに（　　）ください。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 2 捨すてて

"Please throw away unneeded paper in this box." 捨てる means to throw away. 増える, 減る and 落ちる are intransitive, so they cannot be used to ask someone to do something with the paper.

4寒さむく なって（　　）から、コートを 着きて 出でかけましょう。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 1 きた

"It has gotten colder, so let's wear coats when we go out." A change that has happened up to now is 〜てきた: 寒くなってきた means it gradually became cold.

5駅えきの 近ちかくに 工場が あります。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 4 こうじょう

工場 is read こうじょう (factory). Both こう and じょう have long vowels. The sentence means "There is a factory near the station."

6子こどもたちが 歌うたって いる（　　）が 聞きこえますね。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 2 の

"You can hear the children singing." With verbs of seeing or hearing like 聞こえる, use の to make the verb a noun. こと cannot be used here.

7窓まどを 開あけて、外そとの きれいな（　　）を 入いれましょう。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 4 空気くうき

"Let's open the window and let in some clean air from outside." What comes in through a window is 空気 (air).

8私わたしの 趣味しゅみは 写真しゃしんを 撮とる（　　）です。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 2 こと

"My hobby is taking photos." In 趣味は〜です, add こと to the verb to make it a noun: 撮ることです.

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