Japatan
Formação
- N（物・植物・こと） + が + あります
- N（人・動物） + が + います
Explicação
These sentences say that something or someone exists. Use あります for things and plants (which do not move by themselves) and います for people and animals. The thing that exists is marked with が. The same pattern also means "have": 私は 車が あります (I have a car), 妹が います (I have a younger sister). あります is also used for time and events: 時間が あります, テストが あります. The negatives are ありません and いません.
Exemplos
私は 車が あります。
I have a car.
私は 妹が います。弟は いません。
I have a younger sister. I don't have a younger brother.
A: 今晩 時間が ありますか。
B: すみません、今晩は 仕事が あります。A: Do you have time tonight? B: Sorry, I have work tonight.
A: ペットが いますか。
B: はい、犬が います。A: Do you have any pets? B: Yes, I have a dog.
Observações
Trees and flowers are alive, but they do not move by themselves, so they take あります. In negative sentences, は often replaces が: お金は ありません (I have no money). A number goes just before あります／います, as in 妹が 二人 います (I have two younger sisters).
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1明日は 日本語の テストが （ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 3 あります
"There is a Japanese test tomorrow." テスト is an event, not a person or an animal, so it takes あります. います is for people and animals, and です or します cannot follow テストが here.
2私は 日本人の 友達（ ） います。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 1 が
"I have a Japanese friend." The person who exists is marked with が before います. を marks an object and へ marks a destination, so they cannot be used with います, and の must be followed by a noun.
3公園へ 行きました。犬と ねこが （ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 2 いました
"I went to the park. There were dogs and cats." Dogs and cats are animals, so the verb is いました, the past of います. ありました is for things, and でした or しました cannot follow ねこが here.
