Japatan
Formação
- Vます形 + ます
- Vます形 + ません
Explicação
〜ます is the polite form of a verb, and 〜ません is its negative. This form is not only "present": it describes habits (毎朝 走ります, I run every morning) and future actions (明日 来ます, I'll come tomorrow). The form is the same for every subject. The verb comes at the end of the sentence. Make a question with 〜ますか and answer はい、〜ます or いいえ、〜ません.
Exemplos
私は 毎日 勉強します。
I study every day.
田中さんは 明日 来ません。
Tanaka-san will not come tomorrow.
A: 今晩 出かけますか。
B: いいえ、出かけません。A: Are you going out tonight? B: No, I'm not.
今日は 働きません。休みます。
I'm not working today. I'm taking the day off.
Observações
For an action in progress right now, use 〜ています, not 〜ます. For the past, use 〜ました / 〜ませんでした. The part before ます (行き in 行きます) is called the ます-stem (Vます形).
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1私は 毎朝 （ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 4 走ります
"I run every morning." The polite form of the verb is 走ります. です is not added to verbs, and ます attaches to the stem 走り, not to the dictionary form 走る.
2A: 明日 働きますか。
B: いいえ、（ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 2 働きません
A asks "Will you work tomorrow?" and B answers "No, I won't." The negative of 〜ます is 〜ません. じゃありません is for nouns, not verbs, and ません attaches to 働き, not 働く.
3私は （ ） 休みます。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 1 明日
"I will take a day off tomorrow." 〜ます describes habits or future actions, so it matches 明日 (tomorrow). 昨日 (yesterday), おととい (the day before yesterday) and 先週 (last week) are past and would need 〜ました.
