Formation
- Vます形 + に + 行きます/来ます/帰ります
- N(買い物・勉強・旅行 など) + に + 行きます/来ます/帰ります
Explanation
This pattern gives the purpose of going, coming or returning: what you go there to do. Take ます off the verb and add に: 見ます → 見に 行きます (go to see). Nouns that name an activity, such as 買い物 (shopping), 勉強 (study), 旅行 (travel) and 散歩 (a walk), take に directly. The destination is marked with へ or に, and the usual order is: place へ + purpose に + 行きます.
Examples
日曜日に 友だちと 映画を 見に 行きます。
I'm going to see a movie with a friend on Sunday.
昨日 母と デパートへ 買い物に 行きました。
Yesterday I went shopping at the department store with my mother.
私は 日本へ 日本語を 勉強しに 来ました。
I came to Japan to study Japanese.
昼ごはんを 食べに うちへ 帰ります。
I'm going home to eat lunch.
Notes
Do not use the dictionary form or the て-form (not 見るに 行きます or 見てに 行きます); use the verb without ます. This pattern is used with verbs of movement such as 行く, 来る and 帰る.
Related grammar
Mini quiz
1郵便局へ 切手を( )に 行きます。
Answer and explanation
Answer: 2 買い
"I'm going to the post office to buy stamps." Before the に of purpose, use the verb without ます: 買います → 買いに 行きます. The dictionary form, て-form and た-form cannot be used here.
2日曜日に 友だちが うちへ 遊び( ) 来ます。
Answer and explanation
Answer: 3 に
"On Sunday a friend is coming to my house to hang out." The purpose of 来ます is shown by the verb without ます + に: 遊びに 来ます. へ marks a place, not a purpose, and を and で cannot mark the purpose either.
3私は 図書館へ 本 __ __ _★_ __。
Answer and explanation
Answer: 1 に
The correct order is 2→4→1→3: 私は 図書館へ 本を 借りに 行きます (I'm going to the library to borrow a book). に follows 借り (借ります without ます) to show the purpose, so ★ is に.