N4 Grammar 31/60

〜てあげる・〜てもらう・〜てくれる

Do something for someone / have something done for you

Formation

  • Vて形 + あげる
  • Vて形 + くれる
  • Vて形 + もらう

Explanation

Attaching あげる, くれる or もらう to the te-form turns a gift of a thing into a gift of an action. Vてあげる: I (or my side) do something for someone else. Vてくれる: someone else does something for me (or my side), and it shows thanks. Vてもらう: I receive an action from someone (marked with に), often because I asked.

Examples

  • 妹いもうとに 英語えいごの 本ほんを 読よんであげました。

    I read an English book to my little sister.

  • 田中たなかさんが 駅えきまで 車くるまで 送おくってくれました。

    Mr. Tanaka kindly drove me to the station.

  • リンさんに 日本語にほんごの 作文さくぶんを 見みてもらいました。

    I had Lin check my Japanese composition.

  • 道みちが わからなかったので、店みせの 人ひとに 教おしえてもらいました。

    I didn't know the way, so I had a shop clerk tell me.

Notes

With Vてもらう, the person who does the action takes に (先生に教えてもらいました); to mark that person with が, use くれる (先生が教えてくれました). Saying Vてあげましょうか to a superior can sound condescending; simply say, for example, 持ちましょうか.

Related grammar

Mini quiz

1友ともだちが 引ひっ越こしを(  )、とても 助たすかりました。

Answer and explanation

Answer: 2 手伝てつだってくれて

My friend helped me move, and it was a big help. The friend (marked by が) did it for me, so 手伝ってくれて is correct. もらう needs me as the subject and the friend with に; あげる is for actions I do for others.

2私わたしは 先生せんせいに 作文さくぶんを 直なおして(  )。

Answer and explanation

Answer: 2 もらいました

I had my teacher correct my composition. The pattern 私は (person)に Vて is used with もらう. With くれる the sentence would be 先生が直してくれました.

3弟おとうとが 宿題しゅくだいが わからないと 言いったので、私わたしが(  )。

Answer and explanation

Answer: 4 教おしえてあげました

My brother said he didn't understand his homework, so I taught him. I did it for him, so 教えてあげました. くれる and もらう are used when I am the one receiving the action.

Practice this in N4 · Day 16

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