Japatan
Formação
- Vて形 + あげる
- Vて形 + くれる
- Vて形 + もらう
Explicação
Attaching あげる, くれる or もらう to the te-form turns a gift of a thing into a gift of an action. Vてあげる: I (or my side) do something for someone else. Vてくれる: someone else does something for me (or my side), and it shows thanks. Vてもらう: I receive an action from someone (marked with に), often because I asked.
Exemplos
妹に 英語の 本を 読んであげました。
I read an English book to my little sister.
田中さんが 駅まで 車で 送ってくれました。
Mr. Tanaka kindly drove me to the station.
リンさんに 日本語の 作文を 見てもらいました。
I had Lin check my Japanese composition.
道が わからなかったので、店の 人に 教えてもらいました。
I didn't know the way, so I had a shop clerk tell me.
Observações
With Vてもらう, the person who does the action takes に (先生に教えてもらいました); to mark that person with が, use くれる (先生が教えてくれました). Saying Vてあげましょうか to a superior can sound condescending; simply say, for example, 持ちましょうか.
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1友だちが 引っ越しを（ ）、とても 助かりました。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 2 手伝ってくれて
My friend helped me move, and it was a big help. The friend (marked by が) did it for me, so 手伝ってくれて is correct. もらう needs me as the subject and the friend with に; あげる is for actions I do for others.
2私は 先生に 作文を 直して（ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 2 もらいました
I had my teacher correct my composition. The pattern 私は (person)に Vて is used with もらう. With くれる the sentence would be 先生が直してくれました.
3弟が 宿題が わからないと 言ったので、私が（ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 4 教えてあげました
My brother said he didn't understand his homework, so I taught him. I did it for him, so 教えてあげました. くれる and もらう are used when I am the one receiving the action.
