Japatan
Formação
- Iグループ: Vない形 + される／せられる(行か + される → 行かされる、行か + せられる → 行かせられる)
- Iグループ(「す」で終わる動詞): Vない形 + せられる(話さ + せられる → 話させられる)
- IIグループ: Vない形 + させられる(食べ + させられる → 食べさせられる)
- IIIグループ: する → させられる、来る → 来させられる
Explicação
The causative-passive is the passive of the causative: you were made to do something you didn't want to do. The person who made you do it takes に. It often carries a feeling of reluctance or hardship. For group I verbs, the short form (行かされる) is common, but verbs ending in す use せられる: 話させられる.
Exemplos
子どもの とき、母に 嫌いな 野菜を 食べさせられました。
When I was a child, my mother made me eat vegetables I didn't like.
昨日は 部長に 夜 九時まで 働かされました。
Yesterday my manager made me work until nine at night.
駅で 友だちに 一時間も 待たされました。
My friend kept me waiting at the station for a whole hour.
寮では 毎週 トイレの 掃除を させられます。
In the dormitory, we are made to clean the toilets every week.
Observações
The causative (母が私に食べさせた) speaks from the side of the person who makes someone act; the causative-passive (私は母に食べさせられた) speaks from the side of the person who is made to act. The form 話さされる does not exist.
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1本当は 嫌でしたが、子どもの とき、母に 毎日 ピアノを 練習（ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 3 させられました
I didn't really want to, but as a child my mother made me practice the piano every day. So させられました. させました would mean I made my mother practice, してもらいました would mean I asked her to do it, and しました does not fit 母に.
2日曜日なのに、部長に 会社へ（ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 4 行かされました
Even though it was Sunday, my manager made me go to the office. なのに shows I did not want to go. Only the causative-passive 行かされました fits with 部長に.
3「話す」の 使役受身形は どれですか。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 2 話させられる
Which is the causative-passive of 話す? Verbs ending in す do not use the short form, so it is 話させられる. 話させる is only the causative.
