Japatan
Formação
- Iグループ: Vない形 + せる(行か + せる → 行かせる)
- IIグループ: Vない形 + させる(食べ + させる → 食べさせる)
- IIIグループ: する → させる、来る → 来させる
Explicação
The causative shows that someone makes or lets another person do something. (1) Making: the parent makes the child eat vegetables. (2) Letting: allowing someone who wants to do it. It is also used for causing feelings, like 心配させる (make someone worry). Vさせてください politely asks permission for yourself to do something.
Exemplos
母は 弟に 毎日 野菜を 食べさせます。
My mother makes my little brother eat vegetables every day.
部長は 新しい 社員に 会議の 準備を させました。
The department manager had the new employee prepare for the meeting.
子どもが 行きたいと 言ったので、友だちの 家へ 遊びに 行かせました。
My child said they wanted to go, so I let them go play at a friend's house.
すみません、少し 休ませてください。
Excuse me, please let me rest for a moment.
Observações
With intransitive verbs the person made to act often takes を (学生を走らせる); when the verb already has an object with を, the person takes に (学生に本を読ませる). Normally you do not say you make a superior do something.
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1サッカー部の 先生は 毎朝 学生を（ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 3 走らせます
The soccer club teacher makes the students run every morning. The teacher causes the students to run, so the causative 走らせます is correct. The other forms cannot take 学生を.
2A「すみません、私、熱が あるので、今日は 早く（ ）ください。」
B「いいですよ。お大事に。」
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 4 帰らせて
A: Excuse me, I have a fever, so please let me go home early today. B: Sure. Take care. A is asking permission to leave, so 帰らせてください. 帰ってください would tell the other person to go home.
3父は 毎週 私に 車を（ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 1 洗わせます
My father makes me wash the car every week. He makes me do it, so the causative 洗わせます. With 洗います or 洗えます, the father would be washing, which does not fit 私に. An action done for me uses くれる, not あげる.
