Japatan
Formação
- N + さえ(が・を の代わりに)
- N + 助詞 + さえ(にさえ・とさえ など)
- N + でさえ(主語)
- Vます形 + さえ + する / しない
Explicação
さえ gives an extreme or very basic example to suggest "if even this is true, the rest is obviously true." It is often used in negative sentences. It replaces が and を, and でさえ is common for subjects. Other particles stay, as in にさえ.
Exemplos
忙しくて、昼ご飯を食べる 時間さえ ない。
I'm so busy that I don't even have time to eat lunch.
この問題は、先生でさえ わからなかった。
Even the teacher couldn't solve this problem.
引っ越すことは、まだ 家族にさえ 話していない。
I haven't even told my family that I'm moving yet.
弟はゲームに夢中で、私の方を 見さえしなかった。
My younger brother was so into his game that he didn't even look at me.
Observações
も can often replace さえ, but さえ is stronger and sounds a little more formal. It is more common in conversation than すら.
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1日本に来たばかりのころは、ひらがな（ ）読めなかった。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 2 さえ
"When I had just come to Japan, I couldn't even read hiragana." さえ gives the most basic example. The other choices cannot express "even."
2このパズルは難しくて、大人（ ）できない。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 3 でさえ
"This puzzle is so hard that even adults can't do it." 大人 is the subject here, so でさえ is used. がさえ is not a form, and をさえ and のさえ cannot mark a subject.
3「さえ」の使い方が正しい文はどれですか。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 1 熱があって、水さえ飲みたくない。
Sentence 1, "I have a fever and don't even want to drink water," is correct. In 2 to 4, さえ is placed or connected incorrectly.
