Japatan
削減
さくげん
reduction, cut
会社は経費を二割削減した。
The company cut its expenses by 20 percent.
N1 दिन 19
言ったからには Since I said it
With the theme of cutting a town's garbage, learn 〜手前 (since I said it, I can't back down) and 〜べく (in order to, formal). Then read about a neighborhood leader who made a public promise.
करिब २५ मिनेट · ८ शब्द · व्याकरण · पढाइ · क्विज
- शब्द
- व्याकरण
- पढाइ
- क्विज
- सकियो
आजका शब्द
啓発
けいはつ
raising awareness, enlightenment
市は節水の啓発のために、ポスターを作った。
The city made posters to raise awareness about saving water.
呼びかける
よびかける
to call on, to appeal to
駅員が乗客に注意を呼びかけている。
A station worker is calling on passengers to be careful.
率先
そっせん
taking the lead, setting an example
店長は毎朝率先して店の前を掃除している。
The store manager takes the lead in cleaning the front of the store every morning.
公言する
こうげんする
to declare publicly
優勝すると公言した手前、負けるわけにはいかない。
Since I publicly declared that I would win, I can't afford to lose.
抑制
よくせい
control, restraint, suppression
町は騒音を抑制するため、夜の工事を禁止した。
The town banned construction at night to keep noise down.
廃棄
はいき
disposal, throwing away
売れ残ったパンを廃棄せずにすむ方法を考えた。
We thought of a way to avoid throwing away unsold bread.
取り組み
とりくみ
effort, initiative
学校の節電の取り組みが新聞で紹介された。
The school's effort to save electricity was featured in the newspaper.
आजको व्याकरण
〜手前
Having done ~ / in front of ~, (I must keep face)
बनावट
- V辞書形 + 手前
- Vた形 + 手前
- Vている + 手前
- N + の + 手前
Means "since I have said/done ~" or "in front of ~." It expresses that, to keep face or stay consistent with one's position, one must (or cannot) do something. It is often followed by 〜わけにはいかない, 〜しかない, or 〜なければならない. It is also used with people, as in 子どもの手前 (in front of the children).
उदाहरण
自分から手伝うと言った手前、今さら断るわけにはいかない。
Since I offered to help myself, I can't say no now.
子どもの手前、親が信号を無視するわけにはいかない。
In front of their children, parents can't ignore traffic lights.
〜べく
In order to ~ (formal, written)
बनावट
- V辞書形 + べく
- する → するべく / すべく
A formal, written expression of purpose: "in order to ~" or "with the intention of ~." It follows the dictionary form of a volitional verb; する often becomes すべく. It describes someone acting by their own will, and is not followed by requests, orders, or invitations. It appears in news, reports, and novels.
उदाहरण
留学の費用を貯めるべく、彼は毎晩アルバイトをしている。
He works part-time every night to save money for studying abroad.
新しい市場を開拓すべく、社長自ら海外へ向かった。
To open up a new market, the president himself headed overseas.
पढाइ
会長の宣言 The president's declaration
「今年こそ、町のごみを半分にします」。春の集まりで、町内会長の田中さんはそう公言した。"This year, we will cut the town's garbage in half." At the spring meeting, Mr. Tanaka, the neighborhood association president, declared this publicly.
みんなの前で言った手前、まずは自分が率先して動かなければならない。Since he had said it in front of everyone, he had to be the first to take action himself.
田中さんは目標を達成すべく、毎朝ごみ置き場に立って、住民に分別を呼びかけ始めた。In order to reach the goal, Mr. Tanaka began standing at the garbage collection point every morning, calling on residents to sort their trash.
啓発のためのポスターも手作りして、町の掲示板に貼った。He also made awareness posters by hand and put them up on the town's bulletin boards.
ごみの量を抑制するには、食べ物の廃棄を減らすことも大切だ。そこで「買いすぎない・作りすぎない」という取り組みも紹介した。To keep the amount of garbage down, it is also important to throw away less food. So he also introduced an effort called "Don't buy too much, don't cook too much."
三か月後、町のごみは三割削減された。Three months later, the town's garbage had been cut by 30 percent.
ところが、ごみ袋が前より大きくなった家が一軒だけあった。田中さんの家だ。However, there was just one house whose garbage bags had gotten bigger than before. It was Mr. Tanaka's house.
何枚も書き直したポスターの紙くずが、山のようにたまっていたのだ。Scraps of paper from posters he had rewritten again and again had piled up like a mountain.
孫に「おじいちゃんの家が一番ごみを出してるよ」と言われ、田中さんは頭をかいた。When his grandchild told him, "Grandpa, your house is putting out the most garbage," Mr. Tanaka scratched his head in embarrassment.
今度こそ家のごみも減らすべく、次のお知らせは町のホームページに載せることにしたそうだ。This time, in order to reduce his own household's garbage as well, he has reportedly decided to post the next notice on the town's website.
अनुवाद हेर्न लाइनमा ट्याप गर्नुहोस्।
बुझाइ जाँच्नुहोस्
R1田中さんが毎朝ごみ置き場に立ったのは、なぜか。
उत्तर र व्याख्या
उत्तर: 2 町のごみを半分にするという目標を達成するため
Line 3 says he stood at the garbage point every morning すべく, in order to reach the goal. The goal, in line 1, is to cut the town's garbage in half.
R2田中さんの家のごみが増えたのは、なぜか。
उत्तर र व्याख्या
उत्तर: 4 ポスターを何枚も書き直したから
Line 8 says the paper scraps from posters he rewrote many times had piled up. The joke is that his campaign to reduce garbage increased his own garbage.
क्विज
1電気の使用量を（ ）するため、夜は照明を半分にしている。
उत्तर र व्याख्या
उत्तर: 3 抑制
"We use half the lights at night to keep electricity use down." 抑制する means to hold something down. 啓発 (raise awareness), 公言 (declare) and 率先 (take the lead) cannot take 使用量 as their object.
2みんなの前で「毎日走る」と言った（ ）、雨の日でも休むわけにはいかない。
उत्तर र व्याख्या
उत्तर: 2 手前
"Since I said 'I'll run every day' in front of everyone, I can't take a day off even when it rains." 手前 means you can't back down because others are watching. べく needs the dictionary form, をもって doesn't follow verbs, and が早いか (as soon as) doesn't fit.
3市は駅前で、自転車を決められた場所に止めるよう住民に（ ）。
उत्तर र व्याख्या
उत्तर: 1 呼びかけた
"In front of the station, the city called on residents to park bicycles in the designated places." 呼びかける means to appeal to people to do something. The other words are used for things or amounts, not for asking people.
4自分の店を（ ）、兄は毎晩パン作りの練習をしている。
उत्तर र व्याख्या
उत्तर: 4 開くべく
"In order to open his own shop, my brother practices baking bread every night." べく follows the dictionary form (する becomes すべく). べき needs a noun or だ after it, so it cannot end the clause here.
5古くなった机を廃棄した。
उत्तर र व्याख्या
उत्तर: 2 はいき
廃棄 is read はいき. "I threw away the old desk."
6部長が（ ）して休みを取るので、部下も休みやすくなった。
उत्तर र व्याख्या
उत्तर: 4 率先
"Because the manager takes the lead in taking days off, his staff find it easier to take time off too." 率先して means doing something first to set an example.
7子どもの（ ）、親が赤信号で道を渡るわけにはいかない。
उत्तर र व्याख्या
उत्तर: 3 手前
"With the children watching, a parent can't cross on a red light." Nの手前 means "in front of N, to save face." べく and ならでは cannot follow の, and をよそに attaches to a noun without の.
8会社は紙の使用量をさくげんする目標を立てた。
उत्तर र व्याख्या
उत्तर: 1 削減
さくげん is written 削減, from 削る (cut) and 減る (decrease). "The company set a goal to cut its paper use."
निःशुल्क Japatan एपमा फ्ल्यासकार्ड, अडियो र स्पेस्ड रिपिटिसनसँग ७,५०० भन्दा बढी JLPT शब्द सिक्नुहोस्
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