N4 व्याकरण 47/60

〜までに

by ~ (a deadline)

बनावट

  • N + までに
  • V辞書形 + までに

व्याख्या

までに marks a deadline: the action is done once at some point before that time. まで means an action or state continues up to that time. 五時まで働く means working until five; 五時までに来る means coming no later than five.

उदाहरण

  • レポートは金曜日きんようびまでに出だしてください。

    Please hand in your report by Friday.

  • 三時さんじまでに、この仕事しごとを終おわらせてください。

    Please get this work finished by three o'clock.

  • 夏なつまでに、泳およげるようになりたいです。

    I want to be able to swim by summer.

  • 出発しゅっぱつするまでに、パスポートを用意よういしておきます。

    I'll get my passport ready before we leave.

टिप्पणी

Use まで with continuing actions like 待つ, and までに with one-time actions like 出す or 着く. Verbs take the dictionary form.

सम्बन्धित व्याकरण

सानो क्विज

1毎朝まいあさ、八時はちじ(  )会社かいしゃに着つかなければなりません。

उत्तर र व्याख्या

उत्तर: 2 までに

着く is a one-time action and eight o'clock is the deadline, so までに is correct. まで is for continuing actions. "Every morning I have to arrive at the office by eight."

2昨日きのうは夜よる十一時じゅういちじ(  )図書館としょかんで勉強べんきょうしました。

उत्तर र व्याख्या

उत्तर: 3 まで

The studying continued up to eleven, so まで is correct. までに marks a deadline and does not fit. "Yesterday I studied at the library until eleven at night."

3飛行機ひこうきが(  )までに、おみやげを買かっておきましょう。

उत्तर र व्याख्या

उत्तर: 1 出でる

Before までに, a verb takes the dictionary form: 出るまでに, before the plane leaves. "Let's buy souvenirs before the plane leaves."

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