Japatan
接续
- N + までに
- V辞書形 + までに
讲解
までに marks a deadline: the action is done once at some point before that time. まで means an action or state continues up to that time. 五時まで働く means working until five; 五時までに来る means coming no later than five.
例句
レポートは金曜日までに出してください。
Please hand in your report by Friday.
三時までに、この仕事を終わらせてください。
Please get this work finished by three o'clock.
夏までに、泳げるようになりたいです。
I want to be able to swim by summer.
出発するまでに、パスポートを用意しておきます。
I'll get my passport ready before we leave.
注意
Use まで with continuing actions like 待つ, and までに with one-time actions like 出す or 着く. Verbs take the dictionary form.
相关语法
小测验
1毎朝、八時（ ）会社に着かなければなりません。
答案与解析
答案: 2 までに
着く is a one-time action and eight o'clock is the deadline, so までに is correct. まで is for continuing actions. "Every morning I have to arrive at the office by eight."
2昨日は夜十一時（ ）図書館で勉強しました。
答案与解析
答案: 3 まで
The studying continued up to eleven, so まで is correct. までに marks a deadline and does not fit. "Yesterday I studied at the library until eleven at night."
3飛行機が（ ）までに、おみやげを買っておきましょう。
答案与解析
答案: 1 出る
Before までに, a verb takes the dictionary form: 出るまでに, before the plane leaves. "Let's buy souvenirs before the plane leaves."
