弁償
べんしょう
paying for damage, compensation
借りた本を汚してしまい、図書館に弁償した。
I got a borrowed book dirty, so I paid the library for it.
N1 第 23 天
Learn words for talking about responsibility, apologies and gratitude. With 〜ずにはすまない and 〜てやまない, you can express unavoidable responsibility and deep, lasting feelings.
约 25 分钟 · 8 个单词 · 语法 · 阅读 · 测验
弁償
べんしょう
paying for damage, compensation
借りた本を汚してしまい、図書館に弁償した。
I got a borrowed book dirty, so I paid the library for it.
不注意
ふちゅうい
carelessness
ちょっとした不注意から、大事なデータを消してしまった。
A moment of carelessness made me delete some important data.
釈明
しゃくめい
explanation (to justify oneself)
開始が遅れた理由について、部長は会議の冒頭で釈明した。
At the start of the meeting, the department head explained why things had begun late.
寛大
かんだい
generous, lenient
大家さんは寛大にも、家賃の支払いを一週間待ってくれた。
The landlord generously waited a week for the rent.
敬愛
けいあい
respect and affection
彼は祖父を敬愛し、同じ料理人の道を選んだ。
He loved and respected his grandfather, and chose the same path as a cook.
償う
つぐなう
to make up for, atone for
失った信頼は、行動で償うしかない。
The only way to make up for lost trust is through action.
誠意
せいい
sincerity, good faith
店長の誠意ある対応に、客も怒りを収めた。
Thanks to the manager's sincere response, the customer calmed down.
恩
おん
debt of gratitude, kindness received
留学中に世話になった家族の恩は、一生忘れない。
I will never forget the kindness of the family who looked after me while I studied abroad.
Cannot get away without ~; will have to ~
Means that, given the situation or social common sense, one cannot get by without doing something; it will have to be done. It is used for duties or unavoidable results such as apologizing, paying, explaining or being held responsible. The pressure comes from the circumstances rather than the person's own will.
会社の大切な資料をなくしたのだから、部長に 謝らずにはすまない。
I lost an important company document, so I will have to apologize to the department manager.
友人の車に傷をつけてしまった。修理代を 払わずにはすまないだろう。
I scratched my friend's car. I'll probably have to pay for the repair.
Never cease to ~; sincerely ~ (wish, hope)
Attached to verbs of feeling such as 願う (wish), 祈る (pray), 期待する (expect), 愛する (love) and 尊敬する (respect), it shows that the feeling is strongly and continuously held from the heart. It is a formal expression used in speeches, letters and ceremonies, often as 〜てやみません. It is not used with ordinary action verbs.
皆様のご健康を 願ってやみません。
I sincerely wish you all good health.
卒業生の今後の活躍を 期待してやまない。
I have the highest hopes for our graduates' future success.
大学院一年の秋、わたしは研究室の顕微鏡を床に落としてしまった。In the autumn of my first year of graduate school, I dropped the lab's microscope on the floor.
実験を急いでいたため、片手で運ぼうとしたのだ。完全にわたしの不注意だった。I was in a hurry with my experiment, so I tried to carry it with one hand. It was entirely my own carelessness.
値段を調べると百万円近くする。これは弁償せずにはすまないと覚悟した。When I looked up the price, it was close to one million yen. I resigned myself to the fact that I would have to pay for it.
どう釈明しても、許されることではないだろう。その夜は一睡もできなかった。No matter how I explained myself, it would not be forgiven. That night I didn't sleep a wink.
翌朝、わたしは貯金の通帳を持って教授の部屋を訪ね、深く頭を下げた。The next morning, I went to the professor's office with my savings passbook and bowed deeply.
すると教授は通帳を押し返し、「形あるものはいつか壊れる。お金ではなく、二度と同じ失敗をしないことで償いなさい」と言った。The professor pushed the passbook back and said, "Anything with a form breaks someday. Make up for it not with money, but by never making the same mistake again."
あまりに寛大な言葉に、わたしは返事もできなかった。His words were so generous that I couldn't even reply.
後で先輩から聞いた話では、教授も学生のころ、同じ型の顕微鏡を落としたことがあるそうだ。しかも、わたしが落としたまさにその一台を、である。I later heard from a senior student that the professor had also dropped a microscope of the same model when he was a student. And it was the very same one I had dropped.
そのとき恩師に許してもらった恩を、今は自分の学生に返しているのだという。Apparently he is now passing on to his own students the kindness he received when his teacher forgave him.
それ以来、わたしは誰よりも慎重に機材を扱い、誠意をもって研究に取り組んでいる。Since then, I have handled equipment more carefully than anyone and worked on my research in good faith.
わたしは今も、あの教授を敬愛してやまない。そしていつか後輩が何かを壊したら、同じ言葉をかけられる人になりたいと願ってやまない。I still deeply love and respect that professor. And I truly hope that one day, when a junior student breaks something, I can be someone who says the same words to them.
点按句子查看翻译。
R1「弁償せずにはすまないと覚悟した」とあるが、筆者はどう考えたのか。
答案: 3 自分のお金で弁償するしかないだろう。
〜ずにはすまない means you cannot get away without doing something. The writer took a savings passbook to the professor the next morning, which shows they planned to pay.
R2本文の内容に合うものはどれか。
答案: 1 教授も学生のころ、筆者が落としたのと同じ顕微鏡を落としたことがある。
The senior student said the professor had dropped the very same microscope as a student. The professor refused the money, and the writer still handles equipment carefully.
1友人のカメラを壊してしまったので、修理代を( )した。
答案: 2 弁償
I broke my friend's camera, so I paid for the repairs. 弁償する means paying for something you damaged or lost. You cannot 釈明 a repair cost.
2一度謝っただけでは足りない。本当に悪いと思うなら、( )を見せるべきだ。
答案: 4 誠意
Apologizing once is not enough; if you are truly sorry, you should show sincerity. 誠意を見せる means showing real sincerity through actions.
3育ててくれた祖母への( )を返したくて、毎週実家に帰っている。
答案: 1 恩
I go home every week because I want to repay my grandmother, who raised me. 恩を返す means repaying kindness you received.
4会社の名前で間違った情報を出してしまった以上、社長が謝罪せ( )だろう。
答案: 2 ずにはすまない
Since false information was released in the company's name, the president will have to apologize. Vずにはすまない means one cannot get away without doing it. ずにすむ means not needing to, which contradicts 以上.
5皆様のご健康とご活躍を願って( )。
答案: 3 やみません
I sincerely wish you all good health and success. Vてやまない expresses a strong, lasting wish or feeling, often with 願う, 祈る or 愛する, and is common at the end of speeches and letters.
6彼が __ __ _★_ __ 、この町の静かな海だった。
答案: 4 やまなかった
The order is 3→2→4→1: 彼が生涯愛してやまなかったのは、この町の小さな海だった (What he loved all his life was the quiet sea of this town). The ★ is やまなかった.
7上司は部下の失敗に寛大だ。
答案: 1 かんだい
寛大 is read かんだい. It means generous and lenient. The boss is lenient about his staff's mistakes.
8自分の過ちは、一生かけてつぐなうつもりだ。
答案: 2 償う
つぐなう is written 償う. 賞 and 債 look similar but are different characters. I intend to spend my whole life making up for my mistake.
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