Japatan
Formação
- N（場所） + に／へ + 行きます／来ます／帰ります
Explicação
に and へ mark the destination of movement verbs such as 行きます (go), 来ます (come) and 帰ります (return, go home). In this use the two particles are interchangeable and mean almost the same. As a particle, へ is pronounced e. To ask about the destination, say どこに 行きますか or どこへ 行きますか. To say you are not going anywhere, say どこにも 行きません or どこへも 行きません.
Exemplos
私は 明日 東京に 行きます。
I'm going to Tokyo tomorrow.
リンさんは 来週 国へ 帰ります。
Lin-san is going back to their home country next week.
A: 今日 どこへ 行きますか。
B: 図書館へ 行きます。A: Where are you going today? B: I'm going to the library.
先生は 今日 学校に 来ません。
The teacher is not coming to school today.
Observações
Do not use を or で for the destination (✕ 学校を 行きます, ✕ 学校で 行きます). Strictly speaking, へ points to the direction and に to the place you arrive at, but in everyday conversation either one is fine.
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1私は 来週 京都（ ） 行きます。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 2 へ
"I'm going to Kyoto next week." 京都 is the destination of 行きます, so it takes へ. を marks an object, の links two nouns, and か makes a question; none of them can mark a destination.
2私は 来年 アメリカ ＿＿ ＿＿ ＿★＿ ＿＿。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 3 へ
The correct order is 4→1→3→2: 私は 来年 アメリカの 大学へ 行きます (Next year I will go to a university in America). へ comes right after the destination アメリカの 大学, and the verb comes last, so ★ is へ.
3A: 今日 どこへ 行きますか。
B: （ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 1 図書館へ 行きます
A asks "Where are you going today?" The answer names the place with へ: 図書館へ 行きます (I'm going to the library). A question with どこ cannot be answered with はい, and を or の cannot mark a destination.
