Japatan
Formação
- Vた形 + ら
- Vない形 → 〜なかった + ら
- いA → 〜かった + ら
- なA + だった + ら
- N + だった + ら
Explicação
(1) A hypothetical 'if': お金があったら (if I had money). (2) 'When/after' something that will surely happen: 仕事が終わったら (when work is over). Unlike と, the second clause can freely be a request, invitation, wish or intention. It is the most common conditional in conversation.
Exemplos
仕事が 終わったら、飲みに 行きませんか。
When work is over, would you like to go for a drink?
お金が あったら、世界を 旅行したいです。
If I had money, I'd like to travel around the world.
値段が 高かったら、買わないつもりです。
If it's expensive, I don't plan to buy it.
明日 暇だったら、いっしょに 映画を 見ませんか。
If you're free tomorrow, would you like to watch a movie together?
Observações
〜たら uses the ta-form even when the whole sentence is about the future. 駅に着いたら、電話してください means 'Call me after you arrive at the station.'
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1宿題が（ ）ら、遊びに 行っても いいですよ。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 4 終わった
When your homework is finished, you may go out to play. たら is the ta-form + ら, so 終わった is correct.
2明日 雨（ ）、家で ゲームを しましょう。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 2 だったら
If it rains tomorrow, let's play games at home. A noun takes だったら. と cannot be followed by an invitation like 〜ましょう, and かったら is for i-adjectives.
3日本へ（ ）、富士山に 登りたいです。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 3 行ったら
When I go to Japan, I want to climb Mt. Fuji. The second clause is a wish (〜たい), so use たら, not と. The ta-form of 行く is 行った, so 行ったら is correct; 行きたら does not exist.
