N4 Gramática 1/60

〜んです

Explains a situation or reason, or asks for an explanation

Formação

  • V普通形 + んです
  • いA普通形 + んです
  • なA + な + んです(〜だ → 〜な)
  • N + な + んです(〜だ → 〜な)

Explicação

〜んです adds an explanatory tone. Use it to explain a situation or reason the listener does not know (頭が痛いんです, It's that I have a headache), or to ask for an explanation of something you have seen or heard (どうしたんですか, What happened?). 〜んですが、… gives background before a request or question. In writing or formal speech it is 〜のです; among friends it becomes 〜んだ or 〜の?

Exemplos

  • A: どうしたんですか。
    B: 頭あたまが 痛いたいんです。

    A: What's wrong? B: I have a headache.

  • A: もう 帰かえるんですか。
    B: ええ、今日きょうは 娘むすめの 誕生日たんじょうびなんです。

    A: Are you going home already? B: Yes, it's my daughter's birthday today.

  • いい かばんですね。どこで 買かったんですか。

    That's a nice bag. Where did you buy it?

  • すみません、駅えきへ 行いきたいんですが、道みちを 教おしえて ください。

    Excuse me, I'd like to go to the station. Could you tell me the way?

Observações

With な-adjectives and nouns, だ becomes な (not 休みだんです but 休みなんです). Past and negative forms stay in the plain form: 休みだったんです, 休みじゃないんです. Do not use it for simple facts that need no explanation; overuse can sound like you are making excuses.

Gramática relacionada

Miniquiz

1A: 遅おそかったですね。どうした(  )。
B: 電車でんしゃが 来こなかったんです。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 1 んですか

"You were late. What happened?" A is asking for an explanation, so どうしたんですか is used. んです attaches directly to the plain form of a verb (どうした). な is added only after な-adjectives and nouns, and だ is never used before んです.

2明日あしたは 学校がっこうへ 行いきません。休やすみ(  )。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 3 なんです

"I'm not going to school tomorrow. It's a day off." 休み is a noun, so な is needed: 休みなんです. A noun cannot take んです directly, and だ changes to な before んです.

3A: どうして 昨日きのう パーティーに 来こなかったんですか。
B: 用事ようじが (  )んです。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 4 あった

A asks "Why didn't you come to the party yesterday?" and B explains "I had something to do." The plain form comes before んです, and since it was yesterday, the plain past あった is used. The polite form ありました and the て-form あって cannot come before んです.

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