Japatan
Formação
- お + Vます形 + する（持つ→お持ちする）
- ご + N（する動詞の名詞）+ する（連絡する→ご連絡する）
- 特別な形: 行く・来る→まいる、いる→おる、言う→申す、する→いたす、食べる・飲む・もらう→いただく、見る→拝見する、聞く・訪ねる→うかがう
Explicação
Kenjougo lowers your own actions (or those of your family or company) to show respect to the listener. お〜する and ご〜する are often used for actions done for the other person, such as carrying their bag or contacting them. Special verbs like まいる, 申す and いたす are common in self-introductions and business calls. Never use kenjougo for a superior's actions.
Exemplos
重そうですね。私が お荷物を お持ちします。
That looks heavy. Let me carry your bag.
はじめまして。マリアと 申します。
Nice to meet you. My name is Maria.
明日の 三時に そちらへ まいります。
I will come to your office at three tomorrow.
結果が わかったら、すぐ ご連絡します。
I'll contact you as soon as I know the results.
Observações
A common mistake is mixing up sonkeigo and kenjougo. A teacher's words are おっしゃった; your own words are 申す (not 先生が申しました).
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1先生、重そうですね。かばんを（ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 3 お持ちします
The speaker will carry the bag for the teacher, so the humble お持ちします is correct. The others are honorific and would mean the teacher carries it. The sentence means "Professor, that looks heavy. Let me carry your bag."
2A「お名前は？」
B「リンと（ ）。」
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 2 申します
You are saying your own name, so use the humble 申します. おっしゃいます is honorific and is not used for yourself. The exchange means "Your name?" "My name is Lin."
3私が 明日の 午後、そちらの 会社へ（ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 4 まいります
The speaker is going, so use まいります, the humble form of 行く. いらっしゃいます is honorific, and いたします is humble for する. The sentence means "I will come to your company tomorrow afternoon."
