Japatan
Formação
- V辞書形 + ことなく
Explicação
A formal version of ないで or ずに. It is often used to say that something one might expect to happen did not happen at all. It frequently appears with emphatic words, as in 一日も休むことなく (without missing a single day). It is used in writing, speeches and news.
Exemplos
父は三十年間、一日も休むことなく店を開け続けた。
My father kept the shop open for thirty years without missing a single day.
失敗を恐れることなく、新しいことに挑戦してほしい。
I want you to take on new challenges without being afraid of failure.
飛行機は遅れることなく、予定どおりに空港に着いた。
The plane arrived at the airport on schedule without any delay.
田中さんは誰にも相談することなく、会社を辞めることを決めた。
Tanaka decided to quit the company without consulting anyone.
Observações
It sounds unnatural for small everyday actions; use ずに or ないで instead. The verb is in dictionary form, not ない form.
Miniquiz
1雨の日も風の日も、彼女は毎朝休む（ ）走り続けた。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 1 ことなく
Rain or wind, she kept running every morning without taking a day off. ことなく means without doing. ことに goes with emotion words, and ことから and からこそ give reasons.
2彼は少しも（ ）ことなく、正しい答えを選んだ。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 3 迷う
He chose the right answer without hesitating at all. ことなく follows the dictionary form: 迷うことなく.
3彼は ＿＿ ＿＿ ＿★＿ ＿＿ 勉強を続けた。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 4 休む
The order is 2→3→4→1: 彼は一日も休むことなく勉強を続けた (He kept studying without taking a single day off). 休む goes in the ★ position.
