Japatan
Formação
- N + といえども
- 普通形 + といえども
- いかなる/どんな + N + といえども
Explicação
A といえども B is a formal way of saying 'even A, B.' A is often someone of high status or something special (an expert, a company president), or a minimal amount like 一日 (one day) or 一円 (one yen), stressing that even A is no exception. B is usually a negative, an obligation, or the speaker's judgment, such as わけではない, てはいけない or なければならない.
Exemplos
専門家といえども、すべての問題に答えられるわけではない。
Even experts can't answer every question.
子どもといえども、公共の場ではルールを守らなければならない。
Even children must follow the rules in public places.
試合の前は、一日といえども練習を休むわけにはいかない。
Before a match, I can't skip practice even for a single day.
規則を知らなかったといえども、責任がないとは言えない。
Even though he didn't know the rule, that doesn't mean he has no responsibility.
Observações
It is more formal than とはいえ and rare in casual speech. If B is simply what you would expect from A, the sentence becomes unnatural.
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1社長（ ）、会社のお金を自由に使っていいわけではない。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 2 といえども
"Even the company president can't use the company's money freely." だけあって (as expected of), とあって (because of the special situation) and につけ (whenever) do not fit.
2一円（ ）、税金を無駄にしてはいけない。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 4 といえども
"Not even one yen of tax money should be wasted." といえども stresses a minimal amount. ばかりか (not only), だけに (precisely because) and ほど (to the extent) do not fit.
3「といえども」の使い方がいちばん正しい文はどれですか。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 1 大学生といえども、この問題は簡単には解けない。
1 means "Even university students can't easily solve this problem." In 2, 3 and 4 the second half is just what you would expect, so there is no contrast for といえども.
