Japatan
접속
- N + なしに
- V辞書形 + ことなしに
- N + なくして(は) + 否定の表現
- V辞書形 + ことなくして(は) + 否定の表現
해설
There are two uses. (1) N + なしに means "without doing / having ~," often describing something done without a normally expected step, such as notice or permission. (2) N + なくして(は) means "if there were no ~," followed by a negative such as "impossible," stressing how essential ~ is. Both are formal and mostly written.
예문
田中さんは何の連絡もなしに会議を休んだ。
Mr. Tanaka missed the meeting without any notice.
彼女は一日も休むことなしに練習を続けた。
She kept practicing without taking a single day off.
皆さんの協力なくして、学園祭の成功はありませんでした。
Without everyone's cooperation, the school festival could not have succeeded.
現地の人たちの助けなくしては、この旅は続けられなかった。
Without the help of the local people, I could not have continued this trip.
주의
なくして(は) must be followed by a negative expression. 〜なしで and 〜抜きで are fine in speech, but なくして is quite formal.
미니 퀴즈
1先生の丁寧な指導（ ）、合格はできなかったと思う。
정답과 해설
정답: 1 なくしては
"Without the teacher's careful guidance, I don't think I could have passed." なくしては means "if there were no ~" and is followed by a negative. The other choices do not fit.
2リンさんは何の連絡も（ ）会社を休んだ。
정답과 해설
정답: 4 なしに
"Lin took the day off without any notice." 何の連絡もなしに means "without contacting anyone at all." The other choices do not make sense here.
3上司の許可（ ）、会社の資料を外に持ち出してはいけない。
정답과 해설
정답: 2 なしに
"You must not take company documents outside without your boss's permission." 許可なしに means "without getting permission." The other choices do not make sense.
