JLPT N5 Dia 23: Chatting with friends — Lição diária de japonês

Palavras de hoje

授業

じゅぎょう

class; lesson

授業じゅぎょうは九時くじに始はじまります。

Class starts at nine.

昼ごはん

ひるごはん

lunch

昼ひるごはんは食堂しょくどうで食たべました。

I ate lunch in the cafeteria.

元気

げんき

well; healthy; energetic

母はははとても元気げんきです。

My mother is very well.

もう

already; (not) anymore

宿題しゅくだいはもう出だしました。

I have already handed in my homework.

まだ

still; (not) yet

弟おとうとはまだ寝ねています。

My little brother is still sleeping.

疲れる

つかれる

to get tired

仕事しごとの後あとで、とても疲つかれました。

After work, I was very tired.

うん

yeah; yes (casual)

「明日あした、学校がっこうへ行いく？」「うん、行いく。」

"Are you going to school tomorrow?" "Yeah, I am."

ううん

no; nope (casual)

「宿題しゅくだい、もう終おわった？」「ううん、まだ。」

"Have you finished your homework yet?" "Nope, not yet."

Gramática de hoje

〜後で

After doing ~ / after ~; later

Formação

Vた形 + 後あとで
N + の + 後あとで
後あとで + 〜（「later」の意味いみ）

A 後で B means "do B after A." The verb before 後で is always in the た-form, even when the action is in the future: the tense is shown at the end of the sentence. With a noun, add の: 授業の後で (after class). 後で can also stand alone and mean "later": 後で電話します (I'll call you later).

Exemplos

晩ばんご飯はんを 食たべた後あとで、テレビを見みます。

After eating dinner, I watch TV.
仕事しごとが 終おわった後あとで、友達ともだちに会あいました。

After work was over, I met a friend.

Explicação completa e quiz →

普通形

Plain (casual) forms of verbs, adjectives and nouns

Formação

丁寧形ていねいけい → 普通形ふつうけい: 〜ます → 辞書形じしょけい、〜ません → ない形けい、〜ました → た形けい、〜ませんでした → 〜なかった
V: 行いく／行いかない／行いった／行いかなかった
いA: 高たかい／高たかくない／高たかかった／高たかくなかった
なA: 静しずかだ／静しずかじゃない／静しずかだった／静しずかじゃなかった
N: 雨あめだ／雨あめじゃない／雨あめだった／雨あめじゃなかった
例外れいがい: ある → ない、いい → よくない／よかった／よくなかった

The plain form is the style without です and ます. It has two main uses. (1) Casual speech with friends and family. Questions usually drop か and end with rising intonation (行く？), and はい and いいえ become うん and ううん. (2) Inside grammar patterns such as 〜と思います (I think) and 〜と言いました (said that): the part before the pattern is in the plain form even when the sentence as a whole is polite.

Exemplos

A: 明日あした、学校がっこうへ 行いく？
B: ううん、行いかない。

A: Are you going to school tomorrow? B: No, I'm not.
昨日きのうのテストはとても 難むずかしかった。

Yesterday's test was very difficult.

Explicação completa e quiz →

Leitura

Furigana Tradução

昼ひるごはん、もう食たべた？ Have you had lunch yet?

マリアアリさん、元気げんき？Ali, how are you doing?

アリううん、ちょっと疲つかれた。朝あさから授業じゅぎょうが三みっつあった。Not great, I'm a bit tired. I've had three classes since this morning.

マリア昼ひるごはんはもう食たべた？Have you had lunch yet?

アリううん、まだ食たべていない。No, I haven't eaten yet.

マリアじゃ、次つぎの授業じゅぎょうの後あとで、一緒いっしょに食堂しょくどうへ行いく？Then do you want to go to the cafeteria together after the next class?

アリうん、行いく！マリアさんはもう食たべた？Yeah, let's go! Have you already eaten, Maria?

マリアうん、食たべた。でも、食堂しょくどうのケーキが食たべたい。Yeah, I have. But I want to have the cake at the cafeteria.

Toque em uma frase para ver a tradução.

Teste sua compreensão

R1アリさんは昼ひるごはんを食たべましたか。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 2 いいえ、まだ食たべていません。

Ali says ううん、まだ食べていない (No, I haven't eaten yet). In polite style, this is まだ食べていません.

R2マリアさんは食堂しょくどうで何なにを食たべたいですか。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 3 ケーキ

Maria has already eaten lunch, but she says 食堂のケーキが食べたい (I want to have the cake at the cafeteria).

Quiz

1A「宿題しゅくだいはもう出だした？」
B「ううん、（　　）。」

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 2 まだ

A: "Did you already hand in your homework?" B: "Nope, not yet." To answer no to もう〜た？, say ううん、まだ (not yet).

2今日きょうは十時間じゅうじかん働はたらいた。とても（　　）。早はやく寝ねたい。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 3 疲つかれた

"I worked ten hours today. I'm really tired. I want to go to bed early." 疲れた fits. 元気だ (full of energy) is the opposite.

3月曜日げつようびの午前ごぜんは日本語にほんごの（　　）があります。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 4 授業じゅぎょう

"On Monday mornings I have a Japanese class." 日本語の授業 is a Japanese class. 日本語の昼ごはん (Japanese-language lunch) makes no sense.

4晩ばんごはんを（　　）後あとで、テレビを見みます。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 2 食たべた

"After I eat dinner, I watch TV." The verb before 後で is in the ta-form: 食べた後で.

5A「そのケーキ、おいしい？」
B「ううん、（　　）。」

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 1 おいしくない

A: "Is that cake good?" B: "No, it isn't." For the plain negative of an i-adjective, drop い and add くない: おいしくない. おいしくなかった is past, so it does not fit.

6A「昨日きのう、学校がっこうへ行いった？」
B「ううん。昨日きのうは休やすみ（　　）。」

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 3 だった

A: "Did you go to school yesterday?" B: "No. Yesterday was a day off." The plain past of a noun is N + だった (休みでした → 休みだった). だ and じゃない are present.

7私わたしは＿＿＿＿＿★＿＿＿を浴あびる。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 3 後あとで

The correct order is 4→1→3→2: 私は晩ごはんを食べた後でシャワーを浴びる (I take a shower after eating dinner). The star is 後で.

8午後ごごの授業は三時さんじに終おわる。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 1 じゅぎょう

授業 is read じゅぎょう (class). じゅ is short and ぎょう is long. The sentence means "The afternoon class ends at three."

友だちと話す Chatting with friends

Palavras de hoje

Gramática de hoje

〜後で

Exemplos

普通形

Exemplos

Leitura

昼ひるごはん、もう 食たべた？ Have you had lunch yet?

Teste sua compreensão

Quiz

昼ひるごはん、もう食たべた？ Have you had lunch yet?