Japatan
Formação
- これ／それ／あれ + は + N + です
- N + は + これ／それ／あれ + です
- N + は + どれ + ですか
Explicação
These words point to things. これ is something near the speaker, それ is something near the listener, and あれ is something far from both. どれ asks "which one?" among three or more things. Because the viewpoint changes, a question with それ (それは 何ですか) is usually answered with これ (これは ... です). These words stand alone as nouns; to put a noun after them, use この, その, あの and どの instead.
Exemplos
これは 私の かさです。
This is my umbrella.
A: それは 何ですか。
B: これは 日本の お茶です。A: What is that? B: This is Japanese tea.
あれは 駅ですか。
Is that (building) over there the station?
リンさんの かばんは どれですか。
Which one is Lin-san's bag?
Observações
どれ cannot take は: say あなたの かさは どれですか, not どれは あなたの かさですか. Pointing at a person in front of you with これ, それ or あれ usually sounds rude; say この 人 or あの 人 instead.
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1A: それは 何ですか。
B: （ ）は 辞書です。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 3 これ
A asks "What is that?" using それ, so the thing is near B. When B speaks, it is close to the speaker, so B calls it これ: "This is a dictionary." どれ is a question word and cannot be used in an answer.
2A: 田中さんの かさは （ ）ですか。
B: あれです。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 4 どれ
A asks "Which one is Tanaka-san's umbrella?" and B answers "That one over there." To ask someone to pick one thing out of several, use どれ. いくら asks the price, だれ asks about a person, and 何 asks what something is.
3＿＿ ＿＿ ＿★＿ ＿＿ かばんですか。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 1 だれ
The correct order is 4→2→1→3: あれは だれの かばんですか (Whose bag is that over there?). あれ is the topic, and だれの comes right before かばん, so ★ is だれ.
