Japatan
Formação
- Vて形 + おく
- 話し言葉: 〜ておく → 〜とく、〜でおく → 〜どく
Explicação
〜ておく has two uses. One is preparation: doing something in advance with a later need in mind (旅行の前にホテルを予約しておきます, I'll book a hotel before the trip). This includes putting things back after use. The other is leaving something as it is, without changing its present state (窓は開けておいてください, Please leave the window open). In both cases it is used for actions that a person does on purpose.
Exemplos
旅行の 前に、ホテルを 予約して おきます。
I'll book a hotel before the trip.
友だちが 来るから、部屋を 掃除して おきました。
A friend is coming, so I cleaned my room beforehand.
A: 窓を 閉めましょうか。
B: いいえ、暑いから、開けて おいて ください。A: Shall I close the window? B: No, it's hot, so please leave it open.
飲み物は 私が 買っとくよ。
I'll buy the drinks ahead of time.
Observações
In casual speech 〜ておく becomes 〜とく and 〜でおく becomes 〜どく (買っとく, 読んどく). 〜ておく describes the action of preparing, while 〜てある describes the state after the preparation is done (予約しておきました / 予約してあります).
Gramática relacionada
Miniquiz
1来週 テストが あるから、今週 よく （ ） おきます。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 2 復習して
"There is a test next week, so I'll review well this week." おきます follows the て-form of a verb, so 復習して is correct. It means preparing in advance for the test. The dictionary form, the た-form and the ます-stem cannot come before おく.
2A: この いすは 片づけましょうか。
B: いいえ、後で 使うから、そこに （ ）。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 3 置いて おいて ください
A asks "Shall I put this chair away?" and B answers "No, we'll use it later, so please leave it there." Leaving something as it is is expressed with 〜ておく: 置いて おいて ください. The other choices do not fit B's reason.
3お客さんが 来る ＿＿ ＿＿ ＿★＿ ＿＿。
Resposta e explicação
Resposta: 4 買って
The correct order is 3→2→4→1: お客さんが 来る 前に お菓子を 買って おきます (I'll buy some sweets before the guests come). おきます comes right after the て-form 買って and shows preparation in advance.
