Japatan
접속
- Vて形（他動詞）+ ある
- N + が + Vて形（他動詞）+ ある（窓を開ける → 窓が開けてある）
해설
〜てある shows that the result of an action someone did on purpose still remains. It attaches to the て-form of a transitive verb (a verb that takes を), and を usually changes to が: 窓を開ける → 窓が開けてあります (The window has been opened and is open). The person who did it is usually not mentioned. It is also used to say that a preparation is already done, as in ホテルはもう予約してあります.
예문
教室の 壁に 地図が はって あります。
A map has been put up on the classroom wall.
A: 晩ご飯は？
B: もう 作って あるよ。A: What about dinner? B: It's already made.
A: ホテルは 予約しましたか。
B: はい、もう 予約して あります。A: Did you book the hotel? B: Yes, it's already been booked.
この かさには 名前が 書いて あります。田中さんのです。
This umbrella has a name written on it. It's Tanaka-san's.
주의
It cannot be used with intransitive verbs (not 窓が開いてあります). 窓が開いています (intransitive + ている) simply describes the state you see, while 窓が開けてあります implies that someone opened the window for a purpose.
관련 문법
미니 퀴즈
1カレンダーに 来月の 予定が （ ） あります。
정답과 해설
정답: 1 書いて
"Next month's schedule is written on the calendar." あります follows the て-form of a transitive verb. The て-form of 書く is 書いて, and 書いて あります means someone wrote it and it is still there. The other forms cannot come before ある.
2玄関に きれいな 花（ ） かざって あります。
정답과 해설
정답: 3 が
"Beautiful flowers are displayed at the entrance." In a 〜てある sentence, the thing that received the action (花) is marked with が: 花を かざる → 花が かざって あります. に, で and へ cannot mark it.
3A: パーティーの 飲み物は どう しますか。
B: 大丈夫です。もう 買って （ ）。
정답과 해설
정답: 4 あります
A asks "What shall we do about drinks for the party?" and B answers "It's fine. They have already been bought." With 大丈夫です and もう, 買って あります (the preparation is done) fits. みます, みたいです and ください would mean the drinks have not been bought yet.
