Japatan
접속
- A は B に N を あげる(A → B。B は「私」以外)
- B は A に/から N を もらう(B が A から受け取る)
- A は 私(私の側の人)に N を くれる(A → 私)
해설
The verb depends on who gives to whom. Ageru is giving from me (or anyone) to someone else; kureru is someone giving to me or my in-group, such as my family. With morau, the receiver is the subject and the giver takes ni or kara. You cannot say someone ageru to me. In kureru sentences, watashi ni is often left out.
예문
私は 妹に 誕生日の プレゼントを あげました。
I gave my younger sister a birthday present.
昨日、田中さんから 旅行の お土産を もらいました。
Yesterday I got a souvenir from Tanaka-san's trip.
リンさんが 京都の 地図を くれました。
Lin gave me a map of Kyoto.
隣の 人が 弟に 古い ゲームを くれました。
Our neighbor gave my younger brother an old video game.
주의
Not 'Tanaka-san wa watashi ni hon o agemashita' but kuremashita. With superiors, use sashiageru, itadaku and kudasaru (covered under keigo). Te ageru, te morau and te kureru are the next item.
관련 문법
미니 퀴즈
1私は 田中さん（ ） 辞書を もらいました。
정답과 해설
정답: 3 から
'I received a dictionary from Tanaka-san.' With morau, the giver is marked by kara or ni, so Tanaka-san kara is correct.
2「あげる・もらう・くれる」の 使い方が 正しい 文は どれですか。
정답과 해설
정답: 3 田中さんは 私に 本を くれました。
Sentence 3, 'Tanaka-san gave me a book', is correct because someone else gave to me. 1 needs agemashita, 2 needs kuremashita, and in 4 the particle must be ni or kara, not o.
3A「すてきな セーターですね。どこで 買ったんですか。」
B「ありがとう。買ったんじゃなくて、誕生日に 母に（ ）んです。」
정답과 해설
정답: 4 もらった
'Thanks. I didn't buy it; I got it from my mother for my birthday.' B received the sweater, so haha ni moratta is correct. Ageta and yatta would mean B gave it, and kureru does not mark the giver with ni.
