Formation
- V辞書形 + 前に
- N + の + 前に
- 時間の長さ(一時間・三日・二年 など) + 前に
Explanation
A 前に B means "do B before A." The verb before 前に is always in the dictionary form, even when the whole sentence is in the past: the tense is shown only at the end of the sentence. With a noun, add の: 食事の前に (before the meal). After a length of time, 前に means "ago": 三年前に (three years ago). No の is used in that case.
Examples
寝る 前に、歯を みがきます。
I brush my teeth before going to bed.
日本へ 来る 前に、国で 日本語を 勉強しました。
Before coming to Japan, I studied Japanese in my country.
食事の 前に、手を 洗ってください。
Please wash your hands before the meal.
私は 三年前に 日本へ 来ました。
I came to Japan three years ago.
Notes
Do not put the verb before 前に into the past (× 来ました前に → ○ 来る前に). The opposite pattern, 〜後で (after), takes the た-form instead.
Related grammar
Mini quiz
1先週、国へ ( ) 前に、おみやげを 買いました。
Answer and explanation
Answer: 3 帰る
"Last week, before going back to my country, I bought souvenirs." The verb before 前に is always in the dictionary form, so 帰る is correct even though the sentence is in the past. The て-form and the ます-forms cannot come before 前に.
2授業( ) 前に、トイレへ 行きます。
Answer and explanation
Answer: 1 の
"Before class, I go to the restroom." A noun is joined to 前に with の: 授業の前に. に, を and が cannot link a noun to 前.
3私は 一年( ) この 町へ 来ました。
Answer and explanation
Answer: 4 前に
"I came to this town one year ago." After a length of time, 前に is added directly, with no の: 一年前に. The time when something happened takes に, not で or を.