N5 Grammar 41/60

〜前に

Before doing ~ / before ~; (time) ago

Formation

  • V辞書形 + 前まえに
  • N + の + 前まえに
  • 時間じかんの長ながさ(一時間いちじかん・三日みっか・二年にねん など) + 前まえに

Explanation

A 前に B means "do B before A." The verb before 前に is always in the dictionary form, even when the whole sentence is in the past: the tense is shown only at the end of the sentence. With a noun, add の: 食事の前に (before the meal). After a length of time, 前に means "ago": 三年前に (three years ago). No の is used in that case.

Examples

  • 寝ねる 前まえに、歯はを みがきます。

    I brush my teeth before going to bed.

  • 日本にほんへ 来くる 前まえに、国くにで 日本語にほんごを 勉強べんきょうしました。

    Before coming to Japan, I studied Japanese in my country.

  • 食事しょくじの 前まえに、手てを 洗あらってください。

    Please wash your hands before the meal.

  • 私わたしは 三年さんねん前まえに 日本にほんへ 来きました。

    I came to Japan three years ago.

Notes

Do not put the verb before 前に into the past (× 来ました前に → ○ 来る前に). The opposite pattern, 〜後で (after), takes the た-form instead.

Related grammar

Mini quiz

1先週せんしゅう、国くにへ (  ) 前まえに、おみやげを 買かいました。

Answer and explanation

Answer: 3 帰かえる

"Last week, before going back to my country, I bought souvenirs." The verb before 前に is always in the dictionary form, so 帰る is correct even though the sentence is in the past. The て-form and the ます-forms cannot come before 前に.

2授業じゅぎょう(  ) 前まえに、トイレへ 行いきます。

Answer and explanation

Answer: 1 の

"Before class, I go to the restroom." A noun is joined to 前に with の: 授業の前に. に, を and が cannot link a noun to 前.

3私わたしは 一年いちねん(  ) この 町まちへ 来きました。

Answer and explanation

Answer: 4 前まえに

"I came to this town one year ago." After a length of time, 前に is added directly, with no の: 一年前に. The time when something happened takes に, not で or を.

Practice this in N5 · Day 21

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