N3 Gramática 10/60

〜べきだ

Should ~ / ought to ~

Formação

  • V辞書形 + べきだ
  • する → するべきだ / すべきだ
  • V辞書形 + べきではない

Explicação

This means "it is right / natural to do ~," expressing the speaker's strong opinion or advice. The negative is 〜べきではない ("should not"); 〜ないべきだ is wrong. する becomes するべきだ or すべきだ. It is stronger than 〜たほうがいい. For rules or laws, use 〜なければならない instead.

Exemplos

  • 人ひとに借かりたものは、すぐに 返かえすべきだ。

    You should return things you borrowed from people right away.

  • 学生がくせいはもっと本ほんを 読よむべきだと思おもう。

    I think students should read more books.

  • 約束やくそくの時間じかんに遅おくれるときは、早はやめに連絡れんらく すべきです。

    When you're going to be late for an appointment, you should let the person know early.

  • 電車でんしゃの中なかで、大おおきい声こえで電話でんわを するべきではない。

    You shouldn't talk loudly on the phone on the train.

Observações

Saying 〜べきです directly to a superior can sound rude. For polite advice, use 〜たほうがいいと思います.

Gramática relacionada

Miniquiz

1自分じぶんが間違まちがえたときは、すぐに(  )べきだ。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 1 謝あやまる

"When you make a mistake, you should apologize right away." べきだ follows the dictionary form: 謝る.

2図書館としょかんで借かりた本ほんに、字じを(  )。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 3 書かくべきではない

"You shouldn't write in library books." The negative of べきだ is べきではない. べき does not follow the te-form, so 書いてべきではない is wrong, and 書くべきがない is not a correct form, and 書くべきだ has the opposite meaning.

3分わからないことがあったら、先生せんせいに(  )。

Resposta e explicação

Resposta: 2 質問しつもんすべきだ

"If there's something you don't understand, you should ask the teacher." With する, べきだ becomes するべきだ or すべきだ, so 質問すべきだ is correct. べき does not follow the masu-stem (し), the te-form, or the ta-form.

Pratique na lição N3 · Dia 5

Aprenda as mais de 7.500 palavras do JLPT com flashcards, áudio e repetição espaçada no app grátis Japatan

Baixar na App Store