Japatan
접속
- 1グループ: ます形の い段 → う段（書きます → 書く、飲みます → 飲む、買います → 買う、話します → 話す、待ちます → 待つ）
- 2グループ: ます → る（食べます → 食べる、見ます → 見る）
- 3グループ: します → する、来ます → 来る
해설
The dictionary form is the basic form of a verb, the one listed in dictionaries. It is the plain (non-polite) equivalent of 〜ます, used with friends and family. Many patterns also need it, such as 〜ことができます and 〜前に. For Group 1 verbs, change the sound before ます from the い-row to the う-row (き → く, み → む). For Group 2 verbs, replace ます with る.
예문
私は 毎朝 コーヒーを 飲む。
I drink coffee every morning. (casual)
明日 友だちと 映画を 見る。
I'm going to watch a movie with a friend tomorrow. (casual)
今晩は うちで 勉強する。
I'm going to study at home tonight. (casual)
来週 国から 母が 来る。
My mother is coming from my home country next week. (casual)
주의
帰る, 入る, 走る, 知る and 切る look like Group 2 verbs but belong to Group 1 (帰ります, 入ります). Ending a sentence with the dictionary form sounds casual, so use 〜ます with teachers and people you have just met.
관련 문법
미니 퀴즈
1「帰ります」の 辞書形は どれですか。
정답과 해설
정답: 2 帰る
帰ります (to go home) is a Group 1 verb. Change り before ます to る, the う-row sound: 帰る. It is not a Group 2 verb, so it does not become 帰りる.
2「起きます」の 辞書形は どれですか。
정답과 해설
정답: 3 起きる
起きます (to get up) is a Group 2 verb, so ます is replaced with る: 起きる. Although the sound before ます is in the い-row, it is not a Group 1 verb, so it does not become 起く. 起きう and 起きりる are not real forms.
3辞書形が 正しい ものは どれですか。
정답과 해설
정답: 1 泳ぎます → 泳ぐ
The question asks which dictionary form is correct. 泳ぎます is Group 1, so ぎ changes to ぐ: 泳ぐ. The correct forms of the others are 話す for 話します, 買う for 買います, and する for します.
