접속
- 命令形 Ⅰグループ: 辞書形の最後の音を え段 に(書く→書け、待つ→待て)
- 命令形 Ⅱグループ: V辞書形 − る + ろ(食べる→食べろ、見る→見ろ)
- 命令形 Ⅲグループ: する→しろ、来る→来い(こい)
- 禁止形: V辞書形 + な(行くな、食べるな)
해설
The imperative form (〜しろ) is a strong command and the prohibitive form (〜するな) is a strong "don't." They sound rough, so they are rare in ordinary conversation. They are common in emergencies, cheering at sports (がんばれ), road signs (止まれ), and when quoting someone's words, as in 早く寝ろと言われた (I was told to go to bed).
예문
危ない! 止まれ!
Watch out! Stop!
(サッカーの 試合で)がんばれ! もっと 走れ!
(At a soccer match) Come on! Run harder!
父に「夜 遅くまで ゲームを するな」と 言われました。
My father told me not to play games until late at night.
先生は いつも「早く 来い」と 言います。
The teacher always says, "Come early!"
주의
走る, 帰る and 入る are Group I verbs, so their imperatives are 走れ, 帰れ, 入れ (not 走ろ). To ask someone directly, use 〜てください or 〜ないでください.
관련 문법
미니 퀴즈
1(サッカーの 試合で)「田中、がんばれ! もっと 速く( )!」
정답과 해설
정답: 1 走れ
走る is a Group I verb, so る changes to れ: 走れ. 走ろ wrongly uses the Group II rule. The sentence means "Tanaka, come on! Run faster!"
2「ここに 車を 止めては いけない」と いう 意味で、紙に「ここに 車を( )」と 書いて あります。
정답과 해설
정답: 2 止めるな
The prohibitive form is dictionary form + な: 止めるな (Don't park). 止めろ is a command with the opposite meaning. The note means "Don't park your car here."
3コーチに「もっと 練習( )」と 言われました。
정답과 해설
정답: 4 しろ
The imperative of する is しろ. The sentence means "The coach told me to practice more."